The Organic Food Industry Has Changed Our Environment

The definition of organic varies by the type of food, but at its core, organic farming and production involve techniques that are generally safer for the environment and for human consumption than conventional farming, including using only nonsynthetic pesticides. Proponents of organic farming stress the health benefits of cleaner foods and less chemical residue. In recent years, the food industry has seen a significant increase in the demand for organically grown foods over the alternative choice of conventionally grown food. In 1990, the revenue spent on organic foods was a simple $1 billion, in 2008 sales soared to $21.1 billion, and in 2009, sales reached the highest ever at $26.6 billion. The significant increase in demand can be†¦show more content†¦The act was implemented in 1990, and mandated the United States Department of Agriculture to create a structured set of national standards for farmers and distributors of organically grown agricultural products to abide by. The National Organic Program, regulates organic production methods to assure consumers that the food they are eating is in fact grown organically. Guidelines for organic crop production pesticides, petroleum-based fertilizers, genetically engineered seeds, and sewer sludge-based fertilizers are not acceptable when raising organic food. When the organic method is used to raise animals, the use of antibiotics or growth hormones is not acceptable. Organic feed must be used, and the animals have to be granted access to the outdoors. The organic farming method puts ecologically friendly techniques into practice by relying on biological pest management and composting. Organic food is grown without using synthetic chemicals, antibiotics, or hormones in both crop production and raising livestock. The purpose behind organic food production is to encourage and enhance the biological cycle within the farming system to maintain and increase long-term fertility of soils, minimize all forms of pollution, avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, maintain genetic diversity of the production system, consider the wider social and environmental impact of the food production

Essay on Factors Leading to The Collapse of Past Societies

At present day, our worldwide civilization of the human race continues to surpass many achievements of other past societies. Everyday, new technological advances are being achieved and the population is growing faster than it ever previously has. We must look back at past civilizations and analyze them to understand what is in store for us in the future. In the pursuit of progress, human societies create problems they do not have the resources or political motivation to solve, for fear of short term losses in status or quality of life, which prevents further advancements and sometimes leads to collapse.1 Three factors that have enabled past civilizations to fall into progress traps and ultimately contributed to the collapse of those†¦show more content†¦Collectively, it is not hard to imagine each city-state setting themselves up for failure due to their competitive nature. Competition for power and an increasing need for prosperity lead to Copan’s collapse, and ultim ately the Classic Maya civilization as a whole. Secondly, the Roman civilization had a number of social disputes, which contributed to its collapse. Among those, political instability emerged as the root cause for its downfall.2 â€Å"One of the revealing ironies of Rome’s history is that the city-state’s native democracy withered as its empire grew.† (Wright, 90). The assassination of Julius Caesar fueled existing conflicts further. Self-proclaimed emperors after Caesar’s death and the overall political imbalance of the weakening empire lead to war, invasion and trade disruption. These disturbances created a ripple effect that lead to massive amounts of crime, increased cases of disease, and widespread famine. Without the social conflicts regarding political relations, the Roman Empire may not have fallen as extensively. Thirdly, social conflicts in China marked the end of the Ch’in dynasty in 206 B.C. Hungary peasants rebelled against their oppr essive leaders. Revolting peasants dug into an emperors tomb, stole weapons from his Terracotta army, and used them to overthrow the existing emperors at the time. Although initially viewed as a positive event, the overthrowing of their own leaders proved to have a devastatingShow MoreRelatedThe Implications of Water Pollution1513 Words   |  7 Pagestransporting goods. All of which help sustain a societys stability. In Jared Diamonds book, Collapse, he reveals similarities and differences in past failed societies and determines that societies that have failed or will fail, do so because of a combination of factors. These factors include environmental damage, climate change, hostile neighbors, friendly trade partners, and primarily, how the societies respond to their problems (Diamond p.11). Applying water pollution, to Diamonds proposed,Read MoreWhat Is The Value, If Any, Of Studying History?877 Words   |  4 Pagesmistakes of the past. Indeed, Edmund Burke stated as early as 1790 that â€Å"In history, a great volume is unrolled for our instruction, drawing the materials of future wisdom from the past errors and infirmities of mankind.1 However, in this essay I will show that this is not necessarily the case, and will argue instead that the value of history is that it allows us to frame our present in the context of the past, and therefore better understand ourselves as a species and as a society. To illustrateRead MoreThe Effects Of Colony Collapse Disorder ( Ccd ) And Other Factors That Are Causing The Bee Population978 Words   |  4 Pagesthe effects of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and other factors that are causing the bee population to decrease. INTRODUCTION I. Honeybees and their pollination contribute $17 billion a year to the United States’ economy. II. Due to variable causes, their population is declining at an alarming rate. a. In 1947, 5.9 million colonies were alive and well; today, that number has shrunk by over 50%. b. Scientists believe that one of the major causes for the decline is colony collapse disorder. III. Thesis:Read MoreSyria And The Greater Fertile Crescent832 Words   |  4 Pages 1. Syria and the greater Fertile Crescent are often thought of as the birth of agricultural societies, some 12,00 years ago. Recently, however, this area has experience the worst 3 year drought on record. The drought conditions exacerbated existing political, water and agricultural insecurity and caused mass agricultural failure, livestock mortality, massive rural to urban human migrations. Kelley et al set out to understand how these effects were the product of vulnerability and hazard severityRead MoreArchaeological Interpretations : Archaeology Eastern Mesoamerica1888 Words   |  8 PagesArchaeology Eastern Mesoamerica The Mysterious Collapse Mayan civilization began long before Christopher Columbus, â€Å" founded the new world†, The Mayan civilization persisted for more than 1,000 years, That is over twice as long as America, just think that a society formed by people some see as primitive expanded into a thriving society which lasted over 1,000 years. This also means that in 1,000 years there were factors slowly leading to the Mayans demise. Archaeologists and other scientistsRead MoreEssay on The Dismantling of the Berlin Wall1052 Words   |  5 Pages1989 was a very important year for Europe and the world. Leading up to this time, many countries were involved in the Cold War, a time of military and political tension between western and eastern powers. People were glum, economies were weak, and political competition was at its peak. But this was the year the Berlin Wall was opened; this year ultimately led to the ending of the Cold War (Erlanger). On November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall was ordered to be taken do wn. Within a year, West Germany andRead MoreFall of Authoritarian Regimes1204 Words   |  5 Pagesfall of the Russian regime. All in the hopes of proving the inability of both regimes to maintain the current system of political co-optation , leading to the downfall of each regime. With the growing percentage of college graduates, the C.C.P. is struggling to incorporate a large percentage of college graduates. Thus creating an increasing portion of society that is well educated, and dangerously frustrated:politically and socially. The number of college graduates in China continues to grow at anRead MoreEssay on The Soviet Union and the Legacy of Communist Rule1733 Words   |  7 Pagesended tsardom, the events leading up to August 1991 took place in rapid succession, with both spontaneity and, to some degree, retrospective inevitability. To understand the demise of Soviet Union is to understand the communist party-state system itself. Although the particular happenings of the Gorbachev years undoubtedly accelerated its ruin, there existed fundamental flaws within the Soviet system that would be had been proven ultimately fatal. The USSR became a past chapter of history becauseRead MoreConsideration Of The Limits On Growth1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Limits to Growth There is evidence to support the Limits to Growth conclusion that our planet could face an â€Å"overshoot and collapse† scenario in the not so distant future. At the time of publication in 1972, Limits to Growth presented a grim picture of the future of our planet, which became controversial. Despite the human drive and ability to persevere in the past, the current facts seem to paint a less promising picture. There are symptoms everywhere that point to a world in overshoot. ItRead MoreEssay on Collapse Final2224 Words   |  9 PagesCollapse Final Question One In his book Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Jared Diamond outlines five factors that may lead to a societal collapse: climate change, hostile neighbors, loss of trading partners, environmental damage, and a society’s response to its problems. The climate change Diamond is talking about here refers to natural fluctuations in weather; fifty years of great weather can lead to a population boom, but followed by fifty years of bad weather it can

Mozart Don Giovanni Essay Example For Students

Mozart: Don Giovanni Essay As just about everyone knows by now, Peter Sellars directed radical productions of Mozarts three operas to librettos by da Ponte at the Pepsico Summerfare Festival in Purchase, N.Y. during the latter half of the 80s. Everyone knows about these productions because, by setting The Marriage of Figaro in Trump Tower, Don Giovanni on a mean street in Harlem and Cosi fan tutti in a Long Island diner, Sellars attracted a tremendous amount of attention. In the summer of 1989, after presenting the three operas cyclically for the final Summerfare season, Sellars filmed them for video in Vienna. They were broadcast on PBS-TV last year, and have, at last, come out on home video. These productions been so contentiously scrutinized and debated that their appearance on the London label in VHS videotape and laserdisc formats has been almost anticlimactic. Certainly, they stir up many of the same old complaints about the sacrilege of updating, but updating opera has been going on for so long and to such an extent especially in Europe that it is almost standard operatic practice these days. But what really makes Sellars so controversial an operatic practitioner is that he is no typical updater, and the true radicalism of his approach becomes all the more evident in his video work. Sellars claims to despise the whole notion of concept productions, and denies doing them. He believes, instead, that since Mozart came closer than any other artist to capturing and articulating the human condition, it is worthwhile to hold ourselves and our times up to the measure of Mozart to see how we stack up. Creating a New York trilogy of the Mozart/da Ponte operas was simply a device to help us recognize ourselves in these characters. It is not especially important that Don Giovanni become a drug dealer. But it is important that the Don not be funny or foreign; he is a desperate character rushing headlong into the abyss, unable to discover a way out a situation neither amusing nor unfamiliar. In the videos, Sellars has now gone one step further. Most opera video is either a document of a performance in the opera house or an opera film. What I like is that these videos look like TV, Sellars said in a recent conversation. Thats why a lot of people were stunned when PBS first broadcast the productions they were flipping channels, and they flipped to this thing that looked just like the cop show on every other channel. Then suddenly they noticed that there was music, and people were singing. Weve taken the situation and the comedy and allowed them to be as deep as Mozart happens to be. So its really nice to subvert television in that way, at the same time using the vocabulary that television has perfected, these daydream diners, these nonexistent street corners, the pathetic love life of the rich and forlorn. All standard television material. In some ways these operas find their ultimate form on TV. So subversive, in fact, are these videos that they deconstruct Sellarss own productions. Relying upon claustrophobic closeups in Don Giovanni, for instance, Sellars never allows a long shot to show the whole of George Tsypins astonishing set. The director doesnt even fear undercutting much of the stage action by showing only reaction shots. But since the Don and his sidekick, Leporello, happen to be sung by remarkable identical twin baritones, Eugene and Herbert Parry, the effect of the intimate camera is extraordinary. It is as if Don Giovanni is so self-absorbed in his own compulsion to call up death that he sees only himself reflected in the world. .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 , .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .postImageUrl , .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 , .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346:hover , .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346:visited , .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346:active { border:0!important; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346:active , .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346 .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19878f99472c6d9cf8548dfca43b5346:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gregory Boyd: a man of mode EssayWhen Herbert and Eugene start looking at each other, you know you never saw that in the theatre, Sellars says. You guessed it was there, but you never saw it. And here in a closeup you can really see it. The result is that the o sometimes seems to take place inside Don Giovannis head, which turns out to be an even more frightening place than a Harlem street. In Cosi possibly the most profound opera ever written about the relationships between men and women, as well as the most perfect of all of Sellarss opera stagings the psychological intimacy proves profoundly wrenching. The use of closeups on singers able to convey great emotion through both music and action creates opera as catharsis to a degree impossible on the stage. Even more than Don Giovanni, Cosi relies on singers to express as much through their acting as their singing, and whereas most singers look just awful in closeup mouth gaping open, brow furled in tense concentration, eyes nervously darting to the conductor for assurance singers like Susan Larson (an arresting Fiordiligi whose face seems to bring out the deepest meaning of the music) and Sanford Sylvan (a searing Don Alfonso whom you can actually see feeling what the music tells him to feel) are, like the Perry twins, all the more effective the closer you get to them. Still such an approach has its drawbacks; in Cosi, it requires that the sheer elegance of the staged production be sacrificed in the bargain. Sellarss brilliantly layered mise-en-scene had pitted a kind of refined 18th-century sensibility against the chaotic emotions of the characters, even to the point of laying out the diners dimensions to fit the proportional architectural schemes of the earlier age. And the productions elaborate roundelay of movement and gesture is lost as well. In The Marriage of Figaro, however, the video works on every level. The garish colors of the Trump Tower set translate perfectly to the video screens brightly lit two dimensions, and Sellars allows himself to have fun; the camera pulls in and out and all over the place. Figaro, especially as staged by Sellars, is the least ambiguous of the operas Cosi ends in profound disquiet; Don Giovanni concludes with the unresolved quest for salvation; but Sellarss Figaro leaves you with hope, with a sense that these people might actually work it out in the end. The videos are not without their excesses. While Sellarss fanciful synopses of the operas, which are included, are illuminating and entertaining, his slang subtitles seem too in-your-face on repeated viewing. The video work itself is sometimes a bit crude for these sophisticated productions, although Sellars likes the fact that the roughness lends the performances a live quality. The laserdisc sound has a kind of harshness that is not flattering to the singers voice, and the orchestra-a not-very-responsive Vienna Symphony, tepidly conducted by Craig Smith is too recessed. But these are quibbles, never enough to rob the performances of their irrepressible intensity or immediacy. In fact, as an indication of the sheer impact this kind of video opera can have, Sellars says that his recently filmed production Handels Giulio Cesare (which will be released on London this fall) will not, this time, be shown on PBS. Sellars updated the opera to the present-day Middle East, and the images proved just too upsetting, too highly charged for television, even though the production dates from 1985. Television cannot deal with Americans being taken hostages in the Middle East, Sellars says. And so people were panicked. It showed at the Cannes video market during the Gulf War, and people were freaking out, because it was too close. .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 , .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .postImageUrl , .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 , .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81:hover , .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81:visited , .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81:active { border:0!important; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81:active , .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81 .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc5a98f7a744e28d3a72cf5806e16a81:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Ancient Greeks Creation Of The Theatre EssayBut then it is just that closeness that separates Sellarss video opera from all others. Or as the director enthusiastically puts it: I think were used to videos cooling things out opera videos, in particular, are basically a cool situation. And these are so hot.

The Issues Of Pepsico International Strategy Commerce Essay Example For Students

The Issues Of Pepsico International Strategy Commerce Essay Coca-Cola, the major rival of Pepsi has been exiled from the desert land. Because of this, Pepsi expanded into Arab Countries A ; has an 80 % portion of the $ 1 billion Saudi soft-drink market. Saudi Arabia is the 3rd largest foreign market of Pepsi, after Mexico and Canada. In 1993, approximately 7 % of Pepsi-Cola International s gross revenues came from Saudi Arabia. The environment in Saudi Arabia makes the state really favourable to soft-drink gross revenues because intoxicant is banned amp ; clime is really hot and dry. Outline1 Mode of Expansion:2 Beginnings of Competitive Advantage:3 Government Policies:4 Plague Analysis5 Political Influences:6 Economic Influences:7 Socio-Cultural Influences:8 Technological Influences:9 Porter 5 FORCES Analysis10 2. Menace of Substitute Merchandises:11 3. Dickering Power of Suppliers:12 4. Dickering Power of Buyers:13 5. Competition Among Rivals:14 SWOT Analysis15 1.Internal Properties ( Strengths A ; Failings )16 2.External Properties ( Opportunities A ; Threats )17 Critical Issues or Barriers:18 Recommendations:19 Decision:20 Appendix: Mode of Expansion: We will write a custom essay on The Issues Of Pepsico International Strategy Commerce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Pepsi utilizations franchise system for international enlargement. Beginnings of Competitive Advantage: PepsiCo has competitory advantage in footings of worldwide distribution A ; the company is able to bring forth all its merchandises in the state where they are consumed. Pepsi has a competitory advantage over Coke because of its trade name image A ; good word of oral cavity. Pepsi promotes itself as the figure one pick of the Following Coevals . Government Policies: Presently a 50 per centum rise in Pepsi monetary values in Saudi has angered clients and provoked the land s authorities to name on more than 30 soft drink companies to keep off on farther monetary value hikings. Pepsi increased the monetary value of a can to 1.50 riyals $ 0.40 from 1 riyal.it. Saudi Consumer Protection Association investigated the sudden undue monetary value hiking, the Saudi Gazette reported that official permission should beA granted to soft drink houses before they are allowed to increase monetary values and monetary value rise should non be more than 10 per centum. Plague Analysis Political Influences: Many PepsiCo merchandises are capable to different federal Torahs due to their fabrication, distribution A ; usage, such as the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act ad the Americans with Disabilities. The international ventures are capable to the Government stableness and concerns are subjected to different revenue enhancement policies in each consumer state. Economic Influences: PepsiCo relies on trucks to travel merchandises so fuel is an of import topic A ; fuel monetary values affairs. The economic impact of foreign exchange rates motions on them is complex because such alterations are frequently linked to variableness in existent growing, rising prices, involvement rates, governmental actions, etc. PepsiCo is besides subjected to other economical factors like money supply, energy handiness, cost and concern rhythms. Socio-Cultural Influences: Pepsi is capable to the lifestyle alterations, so it bases her advertisement runs in people with particular life style. For that PepsiCo has to pay particular attending on lifestyle alterations. It has to be really careful with the possible jobs with the authoritiess and those which could lift from PepsiCo act with the people of KSA. Technological Influences: PepsiCo is exposed to new fabrication techniques, for its three concern units, bite nutrient, juices and soft drinks. It has to pay attending while following flexible A ; advanced distribution techniques. Porter 5 FORCES Analysis 1. Menace of New Entrants: The menace of new entrants in the industry is little yet significant. This is because there are already four participants in the market other so Pepsi itself. .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 , .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .postImageUrl , .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 , .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48:hover , .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48:visited , .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48:active { border:0!important; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48:active , .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48 .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31492892bcd584a324f4c6cbece36f48:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Impressive And Edible Table Decorations Essay2. Menace of Substitute Merchandises: Presently, the menace of new feasible rivals in the carbonated soft drink industry is non really significant. Possible replacements that continuously put force per unit area on Pepsi include tea, java, juices, milk, and hot cocoa. 3. Dickering Power of Suppliers: The bargaining power of the providers tends to be low harmonizing to the recent analysis. PepsiCo needs to pull off its relationships carefully with the bottling units in order to do alterations in its manner to market the local retail merchants. 4. Dickering Power of Buyers: Here the concern is how to increase market portion and retain its current client because client ever seek to optimise benefit. The purchasing power of consumers besides poses a cardinal menace in the industry. Furthermore consumers can merely exchange to other drinks with small cost or importance. 5. Competition Among Rivals: Pepsi has 48.9 % portion of market A ; it is situated in an environment that is of all time altering and dynamic because coca Cola is keeping 30.9 % portion A ; Cadbury Schweppes 8 % . The local trade names are besides in the market to vie Pepsi. These trade names are Mecca Cola keeping 0.5 % market portion and 0.6 % Zamzam Cola. SWOT Analysis 1.Internal Properties ( Strengths A ; Failings ) Pepsi is inferior in its fountain drink division. The ownership in fast nutrient eating houses has ever been debatable for Pepsi. Coca Cola has been in the top locations for fountain drinks because of their ownership in Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC, and many others. 2.External Properties ( Opportunities A ; Threats ) In add-on to its big consumer base, Saudi Arabia has some of the part s biggest athletic nines, most passionate athleticss fans, and has a turning population of jocks and active people. When PepsiCo started its ain Pepsi Bottling Company, it allowed them to cut costs, cut down operating expense, and organize their distribution to make a better synergism. Critical Issues or Barriers: Pepsi can function the 90 % market but job is the bottling of the drink. War crisis between Palestine and Israel is conveying hatred against Pepsi that why USA is non involvement in deciding the issue As Pepsi is US merchandise and these yearss US and foreign merchandises are campaigned non to be used to demo ramp against non-Muslim Acts of the Apostless. Due to recent oil monetary values addition, there is international factor of rising prices and on the other manus Pepsi is cheaper in KSA compared to other states, so Pepsi is confronting job to keep the net incomes. Since employers in KSA are required to give their employees clip to pray toward Mecca five times per twenty-four hours, as set Forth in the Koran, interruption times caused extra operating cost. Health and tummy diseases due to over usage. Fleshiness job which is going common in Saudis. Rumors of Haram ingredients. The tough competition is carried out through packaging every bit good as monetary value. Recommendations: Pepsi is being forced to re-examine their strategic theoretical accounts, based on carbonated soft drinks and travel to new drink classs. Heavy investmentment in hazardous inventions may be suggested in order to reassign resources from other trade names. Pepsi spends 15 % of overall budget on advertisement and selling to be no.1 in the consumer sight. Pepsi should utilize all media vehicles to pull consumers. Decision: Consumers want to purchase soft drinks delivered at convenient locations with the right bundle. Pepsi have to do certain that the market keeps turning yearly, and that company merchandises are available everyplace. Pepsi has won the International Quality Award and Bottlers of the twelvemonth Award, so the company feels rather optimistic. Although hard challenges lay in front, yet to work chances through the execution of an effectual and comprehensive selling program 2009. .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 , .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .postImageUrl , .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 , .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2:hover , .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2:visited , .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2:active { border:0!important; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2:active , .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2 .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u498322935f4bab07582799cc42b7a1c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Osage Orange Tree - Peer Pressure EssayAppendix:

Definition of Semi-Auxiliaries and Semi-Modals

Definition of Semi-Auxiliaries and Semi-Modals In English grammar, a semi-auxiliary is a multi-word construction based on an auxiliary verb and having some of the same grammatical characteristics. Also known as a semi-modal or a lexical auxiliary. Semi-auxiliaries include be about to, be able to, be going to, be likely to, be supposed to, had better, have to, ought to, used to, and would rather. Some are followed by an infinitive; others by a zero infinitive. Geoffrey Leech et al. note that the semi-modals are probably the most cited cases of grammaticalization in the ongoing history of English. Among these, in turn, the protoypical, most indubitable cases of semi-modal status are BE going and HAVE to . . .. [T]he lexically independent verbs have and go have, over the centuries, gradually acquired an auxiliary-like function in construction with the infinitive to (Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study, 2012). Also Known As:  semi-modal, quasi-modal, periphrastic modal, phrasal auxiliary, modal-like, modal idiom, lexical auxiliary Examples and Observations What you have become is the price you paid to get what you used to want.(Mignon McLaughlin, The Complete Neurotics Notebook. Castle Books, 1981)Women have got to make the world safe for men since men have made it so darned unsafe for women.(Lady Nancy Astor)We had better dispense with the personification of evil, because it leads, all too easily, to the most dangerous kind of war: religious war.(Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression, 1963)Girl, you look so good, someone ought to put you on a plate and sop you up with a biscuit.(Arsenio Hall as Reverend Brown in Coming to America, 1988)Reckon somebody oughta help the poor guy.(Nigel in Finding Nemo, 2003)A great teacher is supposed to show them there are other points of view besides their own.(Matthew Morrison as Will Schuester, The Substitute. Glee, 2010)Im shaking the dust of this crummy little town off my feet and Im going to see the world. Italy, Greece, the Parthenon, the Coliseum. Then Im going to go to college and see what they know, an d then Im going to build things. Im gonna build air fields. Im gonna build skyscrapers a hundred stories high. Im gonna build bridges a mile long.(George Bailey in Its a Wonderful Life [1946], adapted from the short story The Greatest Gift [1943] by Philip Van Doren Stern) Strings of Semi-Auxiliaries Only the first word in a semi-auxiliary is a true auxiliary, since only that word functions as an operator, for example in forming questions: Is Sandra going to apply for the job?Had I better eat now?Is Jennifer supposed to phone us today? The semi-auxiliaries may come together to make a long string of verbs: We seem to be going to have to keep on paying the full fee.They are likely to be about to start working on our project. (Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelson, An Introduction to English Grammar, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2009) The Habitual Past With Used to The   past form of habitual aspect is often expressed by the semi-auxiliary used to: Your mother used to sleep like a log.People used to whitewash their ceilings.My father used to bath us six kids in front of the fire. These utterances describe situations that occurred habitually in the past.(Thomas Edward Payne, Understanding English Grammar: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2010) The Future With Going to The salient semantic and pragmatic features of going to which are generally underlined by grammarians are: - its relatively informal style with respect to will (Huddleston and Pullum, 2002: 211). The widespread use of gonna (as opposed to going to in conversation is often a marker of informality; and it certainly is in written texts when spelt that way. . . .;- its dual meaning of future fulfillment of present intention and future result of present cause (Quirk et al. 1985), which have often been summed up as its intentional meaning and its predictive meaning;- its tendency to be used to indicate the proximity of a future event unless there is a time adverbial or context indicating otherwise (Declerck 1991: 114). The fact that the structure is that of the present progressive form of the verb to go would seem to underline strongly its connection with the present (Williams 2002: 102). (Yiva Berglund and Christopher Williams, The Semantic Properties of Going to: Distribution Patterns in Four Subcorpora of the British National Corpus. Corpus Linguistics 25 Years On, ed. by Roberta Facchinetti. Rodopi, 2007) Markings for Tense and Person [S]ome of the semi-modals, like have to and be going to, can be marked for tense and person: - past tense:He had to call the police. (CONV)- third-person agreement:Maybe she has to grow up a bit more. (CONV) These semi-modals can sometimes co-occur with a central modal verb or another semi-modal.(Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Pearson, 2002)

Ways to Build Relationships With Colleagues at Your First Job

Ways to Build Relationships With Colleagues at Your First Job Your first job out of college is full of new experiences. It may be the first time you earn a salary, the first time you’re in charge of a project and the first time you’re introduced to office politics. Establishing a good first impression is important, but it’s the weeks and months after that that will determine a lot about how you feel about your job. Cultivating working relationships with colleagues is an important part of your professional life. Exchanging ideas with others in your field can lead to great developments in your career. 75% of employers rate team work and collaboration as â€Å"very important† but 39% of employees believe that their organization doesn’t collaborate enough. The point is that both employers and employees believe that exchanging ideas is essential to doing good work. Improving your relationships with your co-workers is helpful to both you and your organization. So what are the best ways to grow business relationships in the workplace? Here are some tips for recent graduates: Ask Someone Out for Lunch Conversations and experiences outside of the workplace take the relationship out of the office context and create a deeper bond. Maybe you’re working with someone on a project and would like to develop more of a friendship with them. Why not extend an offer for them to have lunch with you? You can use the project as a springboard to talk about other subjects or keep the conversation to business. Ask Someone to Mentor You You’re new in the office and still have a lot to learn. If there’s a colleague whose business style and knowledge you admire, don’t be afraid to ask them if they would mentor you. The worst they can say is no, and the best they can do is show you the ropes of a business you’re just starting out in. Invite Co-Workers to Social Events Throwing a party at your apartment or inviting people out on a Friday night can help you get to know your colleagues better. Conversations are likely to migrate from work to personal life and you’ll be able to find common ground with your co-workers, discover more about where they’re from, what their hobbies are and hopefully develop some friendships. Say Yes to Invitations Likewise, if someone in the office extends an invitation to you, make sure you accept unless you have a prior commitment you absolutely can’t break. If someone invites you to their home, bring a gift such as flowers or a bottle of wine or something that you know they like. Create a Company Sporting Event If you enjoy a particular sport such as Frisbee, soccer, volleyball or any other sport, you may want to invite the rest of the office to participate with you. That way you can combine an activity you already practice with the rest of the office. Hopefully it will be fun and spark some healthy competition. Remember People’s Birthdays You’re likely to add most of your co-workers to your social networks so pay attention when someone’s birthday comes up. A simple â€Å"Happy Birthday† said in person can be a nice gesture. Likewise with other celebrations such as anniversaries and other holidays. It may not sound like much but just going out of your way to extend a greeting to someone on a special day can go a long way. Bring in Some Treats How does that old saying go? The way to a co-worker’s heart is through their stomach? Well, even if that’s not the way it goes, it’s still true. Bringing in some home-made snacks can score you points with your colleagues. Ask Someone to Collaborate on a Project With You If you’re working on something alone but think the project can be served better by combining with another co-worker’s talent, ask them if they would like to come onboard. Of course, get your supervisor’s permission first, but if they say yes, it could be a great way to enhance your professional relationships and get more experience working as a team. Above all, be polite, respectful and friendly and you’ll be making office friends in no time.

Role, Timing, and Mechanics of Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role, Timing, and Mechanics of Accounting - Essay Example B) The other piece of information required can be the storage of dates on the entries so that they come in handy for the proper management of records and so that the company can reflect back and learn from the decisions taken in the past C) Cats and Dogs Company Trading and Profit and Loss Account Extract for the month of March Sales Less: Expenses Interest Expenses Profit $ 20 650 $ 900 (675) 225 Cats and Dogs Company Retained Earning Statement Extract for the month of March Retained Earning Beginning Net Profit Less Dividends Retained Earnings At End $ xxx 225 (25) $ 200 Cats and Dogs Company Balance Sheet Extract for the month of March Assets Cash Short Term Liabilities Interest Payable Long Term Liability Notes Payable Owner's Equity Capital Retained Earnings $ $ 2000 6000 200 $ 15325 20 6200 8220 Cats and Dogs Company Cash Flow Statement Extract for the month of March Cash from Operating Activities Services Expenses Cash from Investing Activities Capital Cash flows from Financing Activities Notes Drawings/Dividends Net Increase in Cash $ $ 9000 (650) 2000 (25) $ 8350 6000 1975 16325 Part Two A) a. The equipment (purchased on January 1, 2003) has a useful life of 12 years with no salvage value (Straight-line method is used). Depreciation 70000 Accumulated Depreciation 70000 The cost of the asset decreases by 70000 b. Interest accrued on the bonds payable is $20,000 as of December 31, 2003. Interest Expense 20000 Interest Payable 20000 The liabilities increase by 20000 c. Unexpired insurance at December 31, 2003 is $7,000. This would increase the assets by 7000 d. The rent payment of $140,000 covered the four months from December 1, 2003 through March 31, 2004. Interest Prepaid 105000 Cash 105000 This would have no affect as one assets increase while the other asset decreases e. Salaries and wages of $28,000 were earned but unpaid at December 31, 2003. Salaries Expense 28000 Salaries Accrued 28000 The liabilities would increase by 28000 B) 1) Trading and profit and loss account 2) Balance sheet-current assets 3) Balance sheet-current liabilities 4) Balance sheet-current assets 5) Balance sheet-current assets 6) Balance sheet-Property plant and equipment 7) Balance sheet-current assets 8) Balance sheet-current assets 9) Balance sheet-current assets 10) Balance sheet-stock holder's equity 11) Trading and profit and loss account 12) Trading and profit and loss account References 1) Hagen, K. M. (2005). How To Prepare a Cash Flow Statement. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from Googo Bits: http://www.googobits.com/articles/932-how-to-prepare-a-cash-flow-statement.html 2) Preparing the Financial Statements. (2007). Retrieved February 17, 2008, from Net MBA: http://www.netmba.com/accounting/fin/process/statements/ 3) Sangster, Alan & Wood, Frank (1999), "Business Accounting 2", Eighth

Playing Dual Roles in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Playing Dual Roles in Organizations - Essay Example These people were voted on by a review committee and part of the determining factor was that these people were not meeting the standards and objectives that Enron created. Those who did meet the standards often received millions of dollars in bonuses. Therefore, this particular system made it so that employees were rewarded for doing what Enron wanted and punished for when they didn’t. This fostered a dangerous mindset, especially since the company was unethical. Following groups norms is similar to peer pressure in that people are persuaded to do something or behave in a certain way solely because everyone else is doing or behaving in the exact same manner. In this particular documentary, traders followed group norms by being very ruthless. It was noted that due to the competitive atmosphere, people would slit each other’s throats or stomp on each other’s throats in order to get to the top. Additionally, one trader said that he did not ask questions about the unethical practices because nobody else was. Both examples illustrate an overall acceptance of values and standards due to the fact that â€Å"everyone was doing it† or was commonplace behavior. Andrew Fastow who was the CFO of Enron was assigned the role of being in charge of the money and financial aspects of Enron. The movie discusses how Fastow essentially lied to investors by convincing them to put money into the company without really receiving anything of actual value in return. He kept Enron afloat by creating a variety of bogus companies and having investors such as banks place money on them. Additionally, he skimmed money off the top of these accounts to the tune of $45 million. Fastow’s role as CFO gave him access to a lot of money and power. It appears that he was set up as a fall guy in a way since a lot of the crime had to do with the accounting aspect of the business which Fastow was largely in charge of. It can either be said that the role of CFO corrupted Fastow and he perpetrated fraud as a means of fulfilling his greed.

Foregrounding Techniques in the Yellow Dog by Martin Amis Essay Example for Free

Foregrounding Techniques in the Yellow Dog by Martin Amis Essay The second half of the XX century is defined as the Postmodern Era in the development of civilization. It has been singled out into a separate period because of certain changes in human thought, world view and mode of living. The world has changed much since the beginning of the twentieth century – there has occurred a rapid development in contemporary technology which revolutionized our way of thinking. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is hard to define and there is little agreement on the exact characteristics, scope, and importance of postmodern literature. However, unifying features often coincide with Jean-Francois Lyotard’s concept of the ‘meta-narrative’ and ‘little narrative,’ Jacques Derrida’s concept of ‘play,’ and Jean Baudrillard’s ‘simulacra. ’ For example, instead of the modernist quest for meaning in a chaotic world, the postmodern author eschews, often playfully, the possibility of meaning, and the postmodern novel is often a parody of this quest. This distrust of totalizing mechanisms extends even to the author; thus postmodern writers often celebrate chance over craft and employ metafiction to undermine the authors ‘univocal’ control (the control of only one voice). The distinction between high and low culture is also attacked with the employment of pastiche, the combination of multiple cultural elements including subjects and genres not previously deemed fit for literature. A list of postmodern authors often varies; the following are some names of authors often so classified, most of them belonging to the generation born in the interwar period. Her father was a barrister and later a judge; her mother was a former elementary schoolteacher, neurotic and frustrated, angrily unhappy at being a full-time housewife. Both came from working-class families but had studied at Cambridge, and the household was one of books, book talk, and slamming doors. Many comparisons are possible in discussions of these novellas, both comparisons of the novellas to each other and of one or both to other works by A. S. Byatt. The Victorian setting, not paralleled here by a modern setting as it is in Possession, may stimulate discussion of the strengths and shortcomings of [pic]Victorian society and how it compares to modern society. The double voice of postmodern fiction presents a challenge because it requires that we question the way we read and interpret not only postmodern literature but also literature as a whole.

European economic community :: essays research papers

Britain's entry into the European Economic Community was a source of great conflict in Europe. There were suspicions that French President de Gaulle did not want Britain to enter in order to maintain his country's hegemony over the EEC. De Gaulle spoke of the cultural and institutional differences that would make Britain incompatible with the Six. The British governments motives were even questioned as to whether they only wanted to reap the economic benefits of the EEC. The following is my assessment of these situations according to the Salmon documents. Throughout document 23, Prime Minister Macmillan continuously states, " I must remind the house that the EEC is an economic community, not a defense alliance, or a foreign policy community, or a cultural community. It is an economic community,† Although it is clear throughout the document that the British were aware of the wider political agenda of the Six, their main focus was certainly economic benefits. I do think, however, that The United states had a great influence on Britain's desire to join the EEC. In document 23, Prime Minister Macmillan discusses how remaining outside the EEC could cause Britain to lose its influence not only in Europe but in Washington as well. He fears that the U.S. would pay more attention to the issues of the Six rather than Britain. On the other hand, Britain's conditions for entering the union suggest that they are only interested in the economic benefits. Britain wanted the Six to agree that Britain would be free to create their own foreign policy, fulfill their pledge to the EFTA, plan their own economy, and safeguarding of British agriculture. These conditions made me think that Britain still wanted to be their own country and handle their own affairs, but still benefit from the economic situation in the EEC. It seems that deGaulle felt his country's hegemony over the EEC would be threatened if Britain were to enter the EEC. In document 29 a Gaullist minister gives reason for deGaulles veto of Britain's membership saying,† Now, with six members, there is five hens and a rooster. If you join [with other countries], there will perhaps be seven or eights hens. But there will be two roosters. That isn't agreeable,† It is clear that because of Britain's financial status and power that deGaulle feared his country would no longer be the final say in the EEC.

Management Plan

1.1.  Ã‚   Problem Definition: The company has been successful in securing considerable sales of around $5 million per annum. However, the company for some reason has been loosing sales. This problem has been there continuously for the last five years. The issue which our department is facing specifically is that we are making decreasing contributions towards the overall net profitability of the company. For the company, after a certain time, our department will become a parasite if these types of conditions persist. Therefore the company’s top management, such as Carol and others might decide and be adamant to close and/or sell off our department. Though this might yield the company a net loss but closing down our department may offer cutting further losses in future to the company. On the other hand all employees working for and either directly or indirectly associated with this department have their jobs at stake unless the department starts earning! 1.2.  Ã‚   Vision: My department should be designed in a flat hierarchical structure. I would design the job specification of my subordinates in such a way so as to enable them to have the least number of levels to jump to reach me for discussion(s) on any relevant issues. I would encourage the employees through out the department to have themselves integrated not as individuals but as one. This would help in asserting a clear and transparent management of every one on the efforts they contribute to achieve the collective goals of the organization. This will also reveal the issues related to employees regarding the decreasing sales of our department. 1.3.  Ã‚   Mission Statement: â€Å"To provide the best quality cleaning solution to healthcare customers, bundled with the customer service beyond their expectations. To give Value for Money.† 1.4.  Ã‚   Establish goals & objectives: The department needs to and will start generating profits in the near future. For this purpose the first and foremost objective is to develop different models and use of the different available techniques to analyze the existing, past, and potential customers, their demographics, their demand type/frequency and there patterns of purchasing & using our products. The most likely reasons that they shifted from us or reduced there purchases from us. We would also analyze and try to find out what our nearest competitors are offering in comparison to what we offer and what can we potentially offer. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communicate: 2.1.  Ã‚   Identify stakeholders: The stakeholders in our case include; The employees who are directly or indirectly linked to our department. The top management personnel such as Carol. The customers, the hospitals which account for 85% of our sales. Myself, the newly appointed departmental head. 2.2.  Ã‚   Frame Communication: I as the departmental head would rather suggest an open meeting at the end of each day, similar to that what Japanese do, and I will try to analyze and grasp the grass root of any problem so that it can be cached and cured there n’ then. 2.3.  Ã‚   Plan Communication: I would set the necessary procedures such as enclosed messages or e-mails to inform only my team members for specific department related meeting. This would ensure direct communication with privacy. 2.4.  Ã‚   Communication with stakeholders: All the stakeholders would be informed via a formal channel such as a personalized mail, e-mail and/or a news letter. Since all stakeholders are to be informed there fore we are using such methods so as to actually make a sort of announcement for the meeting. 2.5.  Ã‚   Channels of communications: Where n= the no. people communicating with each other (i.e. 6 in our case) = n (n-1)/2 =6(6-1)/2 = 15 channels of communication 3. Cooperate: 3.1.  Ã‚   Methods of cooperation: The Individual’s Team Contribution The Team’s Performance Behaviors/Process Results (Individual) Behaviors/Process Results (Team) 3.2.  Ã‚   Competition between team members: The competition between the team members is a good approach specially in the case of sales staff. Even other than sales staff, members of the department performing other activities can also compete in terms of their productivity and how much they contribute towards their job i.e. apart from their normal schedule of duties how much do they put in genuine efforts in going beyond what is required for the sake of the company’s overall ‘Good’. 4.Follow Though: 4.1.  Ã‚   WBS: Total proposals required per year= 2000 As per 2-5 there are 6 employees including me, therefore assuming the 5 employees be there; 2000/12= proposals per month = 167 167/5= 33.2 25000/12/5= 417. 4.2.  Ã‚   Accountability: The figures given above are the minimum target that need to be achieved. They form the basic standards and actually serve as the benchmarks for anyone’s’ accountability regarding his/her job.. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evaluate: 5.1.  Ã‚   Outline of performance: The performance measurement would purely be based on it’s the type of activities being conducted and the results that are being yield as a result of these activities. This includes, for example, comparing revenues, productivity, etc. 5.2.  Ã‚   Performance:Adequate performance was given. However if the performance would have been inadequate than I would scrutinize the Work Breakdown Structure and try sorting out where the problem persists and what caused the performance to be inadequate. 5.3.  Ã‚   Optimistic: If I would have been optimistic with whatever I predicted than I would surely had placed relatively much higher targets than normal ones. This might have led to unachievable targets and hence frustration by the employees causing them to get disturbed and the productivity would have decreased. References Gareth R. Jones, Jennifer M. George & Charles W. L. Hill (2005) Principles of Management.: McGraw-Hill

Bias: Stereotype and People

Living in the world, we face different kinds of people every day, which means we need to communicate with others and make decisions upon others. Naturally, the attitude and method in dealing with diversity becomes a basic skill for people. It is important to know how to communicate and make decisions in a proper way.Facing diverse people and objects, people usually classify them. The advantage people gain from classification is organizing and making things easier to understand. However, when it comes to communication and decision-making, classification may cause some problems. As the name indicates, the topic of the book goes around stereotype, and it provides the readers a better understanding of stereotypes: what the stereotypes are; how stereotypes impact people and business; and what to do when stereotypes happen. It also provides a lot of useful information and skills about how to communicate with people respectfully to gain profit for our business and us.After this book, I real ized that classification becomes stereotype occasionally, and stereotype is a crucial part that makes us failed from communicating and making decisions successfully. Either as a normal person or a businessman, we need to be cautions not to let stereotypes become the reason of making us failing. In a diverse society, the advantage is that we can always get new and different information from those we have already had, but the challenge is how to treat people around us who are different from us equally.People bias naturally, and we all tend to let some of the stereotype come into our communication (Aguilar, 2006). In my opinion, stereotype is the kind of definition that depends on the trend that most people think instead of the truth. It makes all people who have the same characteristic into one group without really knowing about their individualities. Sometimes we stereotype people unknowingly by not taking what we say as stereotypes, and sometimes we think the stereotypes we say are good ones. For example, it is often heard that â€Å" Young people today do not work as hard as the older generation.† And â€Å" European girls are always more beautiful than the girls in other area.† However, any kind of stereotype may turn out to hurt people whether by intention or not.There is research shows that there are increasing chance that negative stereotype could activate the people who are stereotyped to become members of the  stereotyped group (Campbell & Mohr, 2011). After reading the book, I understood that the stereotypes, which people use to help them understand or sort something they do not really know about, may turn our to lead them to the wrong places. In business, the main inefficiency of stereotype is in management, which is always considered to be a barrier that prevents people from making the right decisions. There is research shows that when the perceived positive stereotypes are brought into the forefront of people, the stereotypes can aff ect people by making them do worse on something that they can do better (Killermann).In fact, there are some people we do not know very well that are always stereotyped by us. We tend to judge them by their â€Å"groups†, which seems easier for us to classify them without taking much time to understand who they really are. Especially when facing people with different skin tones, religions and nations, it seems that we will easily get into stereotypes. For example, I used to think and say that African American people are good at sports and Asian people are good in math. When meeting an African American or Asian person, I judge them automatically by the stereotype which was already formed in my mind without knowing much of them.Actually, the African American can be good at math, and the Asian can be really good at sports. In the â€Å"Managing Diversity† lecture, I learned in Foundation of Business, which indicates that everyone is unique and not just a representing a de mographic group. If the same stereotype I just mentioned happens in a company, sometimes it causes problems, because there will be a great possibility that managers will misjudge a person and put them in wrong working places and positions. â€Å"People use stereotypes to make decisions about coworkers, managers and customers with little or no information about the person. A stereotyped person is not seen for who she is and what she can contribute to the business.† (Chinn)The people who are stereotyped will be discouraged because their abilities and talents are covered as well. Both the person who holds the stereotype and the person who is stereotyped will be affected. If you see a group of people the same way, you will miss the individuality of them. It is important to communicate against stereotypes that have a great influence on business. Also, it is necessary to know what to do if things have already gone wrong. There is another important thing in this book—how to m ake up the loss caused by stereotype. The first important thing we need to know is what to do when we realize the mistakes is already  made.Before reading this book, sometimes I could not confront the mistake I made because I felt guilty and shy to make it up. Sometimes I just ignored it, and sometimes I switched to another topic if I found myself saying things wrong. However, I realized that it could only make the situation worse by running away from the mistakes after reading the book. It is the same in business. At first, we should admit the mistake as soon as we realize it, and then find a way to make it up.If we ignore the mistake, both the reputation of the company and customer satisfaction will be influenced. By admitting mistakes in time and finding ways to make up, we sometimes get better result than we think. I had a personal experience of being stereotyped. When I was trying to find a foundation in a cosmetics shop, the shop assistant kept recommending me a color that w as much whiter than my skin color, and it was until I showed my dissatisfaction did the shop assistant apologize to me. She explained that she thought most Asian women like foundations that are whiter than their original skin color, and that was the reason she put on a lot of foundation on my face that I did not like. Then she chose a color in terms of my true skin color instead of what she thought Asian women would like.Actually, I was satisfied with the one she picked for me at last. Even though I was stereotyped, by using a sincere apology, letting me know the reason of her mistake and making the right choice eventually, the shop assistant fixed the problem she made successfully. In this case, if the shop assistant did not admit the stereotype mistake she made, I probably would leave the cosmetic shop and never go back again. Inversely, I think the most important thing she did was to admit she stereotyped me with a sincere attitude. In this way, she gained my understanding and fo rgiveness. It is the same in many stereotype cases as the book Ouch, The Stereotype Hurts mentions.An insincere apology or shifting the blame to your speaker gains nothing for your mistake (Aguilar, 2006). The best way to limit the damage made by stereotype is to admit what you have said and tell people your real thoughts.In order to study and understand better in business, it is necessary to know not only the fixed knowledge that will be taught in class. The skill of communication, which is extremely important for business people, is also a necessity but relatively more difficult to learn, because it requires much experience to comprehend. The book Ouch! That Stereotype Hurts offers a useful guide of some business skills and experience that may not be found in textbooks. From this book, I understood that stereotype does not only have a great impact on our daily communication, the more important negative influence it has is on business. As a student who studies in business major, th is book helped a lot on my major.

Representation of Gender and Sexuality in Media essay

Representation of Gender and Sexuality in Media essay Representation of Gender and Sexuality in Media essay Representation of Gender and Sexuality in Media essayHistorically, media represented gender and sexuality in the way that matched the dominant public view and mirrors the evolution of gender-related biases and stereotypes and views on sexuality.   In the course of time, gender relations and sexuality evolved and changed and all these changes found their reflection in mass media (Bonvillain, 1995, 210). Mass media, in their turn, portrayed gender relations and sexuality according to the dominant cultural view on gender relations and sexuality. This is why it is possible to trace the evolution of those views through the analysis of films, for example, created in different time. At the same time, media have always had a considerable impact on the society, its cultural norms and values, including the development of gender-related biases and stereotypes which were accepted and promoted by media and this trend persists today making mass media a powerful tool that determines, to a signifi cant extent, gender relations and perception as well as representation of sexuality in the modern media and society.Traditionally, media had a considerable impact on the society and socialization of individuals. Today, the impact of mass media has become even more significant because people are always exposed to the impact of mass media. The exposure of individuals to mass media from the early childhood leads to the formation of their worldview under the impact of mass media.The impact of media on individuals is significant because individuals develop their ethic values, norms and standards of behaviour as well as their worldview through learning from their social environment and their social experience. Mass media shape the system of values of individuals because they communicate key values and norms of the mainstream culture to the audience. As a result, individuals exposed to the impact of mass media from the early childhood acquire cultural norms’ and values promoted by m ass media.At the same time, cultural norms and values promoted by mass media and imposed by them on people may not always be obvious as is the case of gender-related biases and stereotypes or views on sexuality. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the case of women, who were traditionally perceived as sexual objects and were respectively portrayed by media (Storey, 2001, 114). In the past, women were traditionally discriminated by the male-dominated society. They performed secondary part in the life of the society and media revealed their inferior, secondary position in the society.Researchers (Basile, 2004, 182) have developed the concept of â€Å"male gaze† in regard to mass media. This concept implies the depiction of women in films and other media from the male perspective. This is why female performers in media and films emphasized their sexuality. In fact, this trend persists today as well. The depiction of women as objects and emphasis on their sexuality leads n ot only to the development of respective gender-related biases and stereotypes but also to the discrimination of women working in the media industry (Basile, 2004, 182). For instance, women that did not match commonly accepted standards of female beauty, which were, by the way, grounded on the male view on women, could not find a job in the media industry or their career opportunities were much worse compared to women that matched the commonly accepted standard of female beauty and sexuality. Moreover, many female performers, including contemporary one, exploited and keep exploiting their sexuality and femininity to create a sexually appealing female image or character that will contribute to the enhancement of their personal brand. As a result, they can increase their earnings and improve their social standing exploiting their sexuality.Moreover, Sanjay Newton insists that male view and male ideology dominates in mass media, including Disney films, while the objectification of wome n is a norm (Newton, 2007). As a result, gender inequality emerges as women are depicted as objects that serve to pleasure men. However, such gender representation is discriminatory. In fact, Disney films and characters, like Disney princesses are manifestation of gender discrimination and objectification of women (Disney and Sexism, 2011).In the past, the male domination in the society was more obvious and could be easily traced in mass media portraying women as housewives and mothers above all (Arriaga Foshee, 2004, 199). However, the rise of feminism contributed to the change of portraying women in mass media. Feminism has opened the way to a different, non-male-dominated view on women. Instead, feminism promoted the idea of the oppression of women by men, against which women should rebel. Such rebellion involved the growing demand to mass media to change the conventional depiction of media. Many female directors have started to show feminist films. Mass media have increased the ir attention to problems of women. As a result, the rise of feminism contributed to the steady change of the public opinion and the attitude of the public to women and their role in the society.Nevertheless, the gender inequality and biased attitude to women still persists (Hardisty, 1999, 124). Women are still discriminated but such discrimination is not so obvious and strong as it used to be in the past. For instance, contemporary mass media still tend to the biased representation of women as housewives, as is the case of many sitcoms. But such biased representation is not as frequent and strong as it used to be several decades ago.On the other hand, the emergence of feminism still contributed to the change of gender-related stereotypes and respective changes in the depiction of women by mass media. Today, mass media attempt to be more tolerant in relation to women and depict them as equal to men. Mass media contributed to the steady change of the public perception of gender roles and sexuality.However, the male gaze or its elements still persist because female sexuality is still intentionally emphasized in the contemporary mass media. Moreover, some industries, like porn industry, still stand on the ground of male chauvinism. In such a way, mass media are still vulnerable to the impact of biases, stereotypes and prejudices of the male dominated society that still affect mass media.At the same time, today, the new problem has emerged, the problem of the depiction of sexual minorities by mass media. Similarly to women, they were discriminated and often misrepresented by mass media. But, in the course of time, the trend to the wider representation of sexual minorities in mass media has grown stronger and today they comprise a part of the general media coverage in terms of gender relations and sexuality. In this regard, Judith Butler (Hartley, 2011) supports the idea of the violation of rights and abuse of representatives of sexual minorities along with their u nder-representation in mass media. As a result, gender relations and perception of gender in the modern society does not admit the homosexuality as a norm but the society perceives it rather as a challenge to social norms.Thus, the development of mass media mirrored changes that occurred in gender relations and perception of sexuality by the society. The discrimination and misrepresentation of women as weak objects with the explicit emphasis on their sexuality have started to disappear along with the rise of feminism. Feminism contributed to the change of the public image of women and stimulated the change of the role of women in the society. However, mass media just mirrored profound social changes that took place and changed gender relations in the society.

Daspletosaurus - Facts and Figures

Daspletosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Daspletosaurus (Greek for frightful lizard); pronounced dah-SPLEE-toe-SORE-us Habitat: Swamps of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75-70 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and three tons Diet: Herbivorous dinosaurs Distinguishing Characteristics: Massive head with numerous teeth; stunted arms About Daspletosaurus Daspletosaurus is one of those dinosaur names that sounds better in English translation than in the original Greekfrightening lizard is both scarier and more pronounceable! Other than its position near the top of the late Cretaceous food chain, theres not much to say about this tyrannosaur: like its close relative, Tyrannosaurus Rex, Daspletosaurus combined a massive head, a muscular body, and many, many sharp, pointy teeth with a ravenous appetite and puny, comical-looking arms. Its likely that this genus included a number of similar-looking species, not all of which have been discovered and/or described. Daspletosaurus has a complicated taxonomic history. When the type fossil of this dinosaur was discovered in Canadas Alberta Province in 1921, it was assigned as a species of another tyrannosaur genus, Gorgosaurus. There it languished for almost 50 years, until another paleontologist took a closer look and promoted Daspletosaurus to genus status. A few decades later, a second putative Daspletosaurus specimen wound up being assigned to yet a third tyrannosaur genus, Albertosaurus. And while all this was going on, the maverick fossil-hunter Jack Horner suggested that a third Daspletosaurus fossil was actually a transitional form between Daspletosaurus and T. Rex! Dale Russell, the paleontologist who assigned Daspletosaurus to its own genus, had an interesting theory: he proposed that this dinosaur coexisted with Gorgosaurus in the plains and woodlands of late Cretaceous North America, Gorgosaurus preying on duck-billed dinosaurs and Daspletosaurus preying on ceratopsians, or horned, frilled dinosaurs. Unfortunately, it now seems that the territory of these two tyrannosaurs did not overlap to the extent Russell believed, Gorgosaurus being largely restricted to northern regions and Daspletosaurus inhabiting southern regions.

Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing People - Essay Example In the context of the Morgans Hotel Group which makes use of the bureaucratic organisational structure that does not provide the opportunity of incorporate changes within the organisation’s structure along with its strategies and systems and also it does not practice the performance appraisal system among the employees (Morgans Group LLC, 2012). Performance appraisal is one of the crucial approaches which facilities to accomplish the individual’s job performance and to enhance productivity that would benefit Morgans to increase its efficiency in the work process. It would enable Morgans to assess the positive aspects of an employee’s performance over a certain period of time and also to analyse the areas the employee requires to improve. It would facilitate Morgans to increase its customer loyalty and its brand recognition, resulting in its profit maximisation. In the service industry in which Morgans operates, customer satisfaction is one of the prime attributes which it needs to meet on a regular basis. This aspect can only be attained by happy and contented employees of the organisation and their contentment can be largely ensured with the help of a well-documented performance appraisal and up-to-date job description (Pettijohn & et. al., 2001). Thus, the absence of such mechanisms and structures can impede Morgans Hotel Group from leveraging complete benefits out of their employees which would certainly create hindrance for it to maintain sustainability. Part 2 Alternative Models of Leadership in the Organisation Level Situational Leadership Model The situational leadership model essentially mentions about the leadership method that takes place according to the circumstances faced by the organisations. According to the developers of situational leadership model Ken Blanchard along with Paul Hersey, situational leadership is based on relationship among certain variables such as, The task behaviour of a leader involves the communication l evel of clarifying the detailed information about the work and with an estimated time as well as the working procedures for the task to every individual or group in the organisation. In the similar context, the relationship behaviour of a leader incorporates providing socio-emotional sustainability to the employees by human motivational actions, such as appreciation, reward and recognition among others. Moreover, readiness of an individual or a group signifies the ability to acquire the responsibilities of self directing and working independently in terms of a particular task (Watkins, n. d.). However, the situational model of leadership style entails the directive parts of task behaviour which is an important part for Morgans to explain the works that are to be done by its employees. The socio-emotional factors necessitate the various motivational skills that a leader or a manager of Morgans Hotel Group is required to practice in order to increase the willingness regarding their sp ecific tasks. Participative Leadership Style The model brings about the effects of the values of the opinions or the ideas from each individual of

Comparing Two Similar Businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing Two Similar Businesses - Essay Example Initially, the company commenced its operations as an online bookstore. Bezos adopted an unusual business plan initially and he did not expect a profit for first four to five years. Even though this ‘slow growth’ plan caused dissatisfaction among its stakeholders, it assisted that company to survive the dot-com bubble burst successfully. Finally, the company earned its first profit in 2001. Currently, Amazon.com is the largest online retailer in the world and it deals with a range of product lines including DVDs, CDs, MP3s, video games, software, electronics, furniture, food, jewelry, apparel, and toys (Kindle: The world’s best selling e-reader). Like Amazon.com; Borders Books, a US based company, was known for its dominance in international book and music retail sector. The company was founded by brothers Tom and Louis Borders in 1971.Later in 1996, a sister company called Book Inventory Systems was founded to support the operations of Borders Books. Initially, the Borders Books began its operations with used books and progressively it expanded the business. Although the Borders Book had been successful since its establishment, the company started to experience profitability declines since 2004. Although books and music were the core business of Borders Books, it also dealt with other business areas such as magazines, board games, encyclopedias, zunes, calendars, and gift packs. While analyzing Amazon.com, it is obvious that the company adopted Customer Relationship Management and Information Management tactics to promote its internet marketing and sales. In contrast, the Borders had not focused on a specific management approach to enhance its internet marketing operations. Borders Books just tried to increase its sales volume rather than ensuring customer satisfaction. Evidently, this difference in management approach assisted Amazon to survive all market difficulties whereas Borders Books filed for bankruptcy in 2011. As

Medical law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Medical law - Essay Example Therefore a breach of duty has also occurred and what this means is that the expressed or implied contract between this doctor and patient has been violated (Brooten 1987, p. 1). For example when Dr. Evil failed to read any of the instructions about the medication that he prescribed to the patient he violated the contract of duty between himself and the patient. This shows extreme negligence on his part and the tort law that covers this area would define this as being valid and providing burden of proof. Due to the fact that negligence has become such a profound problem within the field of medicine in the UK in the past decade the tort laws have become very strict on the specific care of patients as well. Therefore, in today’s society, it is found that the GP’s duty is fundamentally suppose to provide reasonable and dignified care, skill and judgement in the basic practice of his or her profession and when negligence does appear then they are suppose to take full responsibility for the adverse outcomes placed onto the patient in their care. Dr. Evil will thereby have to answer for wrongfully not following the guidelines that were implied in the drug combination he gave to his patient. This case is somewhat similar to Adderly v. Bremner which defined the GP in this case as being negligent in not having changed syringes to vaccinate 38 patients. What occurred instead was the GP used one main needle for every two patients which promoted the idea of liability onto this GP. This is due to the fact that some of the patients were infected with septicaemia (blood poisoning) due to this judgemental error by the attending GP. It also defines the fact that the GP did not provide the required standard of care that was expected of him by the patients. In retrospect it would seem that any reasonable GP would have in fact changed the syringes after each patient to avoid the adverse consequences which

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay

Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay The term perpetual motion exactly refers to the movement that goes forever. However the term usually refers to any device that Always produces more energy than it consumes that ultimately results in a net output of energy for indefinite time. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, according to this law there could not be any such kind of machine in existence. The most commonly contemplated type of perpetual motion machine is a mechanical system which sustains motion indefinitely, regardless of losing energy to  friction  and  air resistance. A second type of impossible perpetual motion machine is one which does not violate conservation of energy, but produces work by spontaneously extracting  heat  from its surroundings, thereby cooling them down, and converting the heat energy into mechanical work. Such machines are prohibited by the  second law of thermodynamics. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE The perpetual motion machine violates both first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement of conservation of energy while the second law has so many different kinds of definitions, and can be described in many ways. The most common definition of second law is heat always flows from hot body to colder body. No heat engine can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engine Machines which are claimed not to violate either of the two laws of thermodynamics but rather to generate energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines. By way of example, it is possible to design a clock or other low-power machine, such as Coxs timepiece, which runs on the differences in barometric pressure or temperature between night and day. Such a machine has a source of energy, albeit one from which it is impractical to produce power in quantity. CLASSIFICATION OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF FIRST ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF THIRD ORDER PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDER Impossible machines. Our second kind is of machines that challenge logic; like the drawings of Maurice Escher, where water runs perpetually downhill, but in a closed cycle. In fact, Escher did make one drawing of a waterwheel run perpetually in such a flow (See Figure ). Another impossible machine has weights of magnitude 9 on one side which become of weight 6 on the other when the weights turn upside-down It is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics. This type of machine is different from real heat engines (such as car engines), which always involve a transfer of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder one, the latter being warmed up in the process. In a perpetual motion machine of the second kind there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is not possible, according to the second law of thermodynamics. In relevance, for example, an automobile engine is not a perpetual motion machine because it works on the basis of the temperature difference between the fuel burning in the cylinder and the cooler environment outside. In order so that it functions, some of the chemical energy released as heat when the fuel burns must not be converted to work, but must be exhausted to the cooler reservoir of the environment by the exhaust gas and the radiator. As explained by statistical mechanics, there are far more states in which heat distribution is close to thermodynamic equilibrium than states in which heat is concentrated in small regions, so temperatures will tend to even out over time, reducing the amount of free energy available for conversion to mechanical energy. Why is Perpetual Motion considered to be Impossible? The idea of perpetual motion sounds so clear-cut. An electric car powered by perpetual motion could recharge its own batteries forever, or a perpetual motion clock could without human intervention rewind itself for years. But there is a reason why perpetual motion machines remain in the area of dream; its the Laws of Thermodynamics. Some inventions may appear to run by perpetual motion, but they usually rely on a hidden source of external energy. Both the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics keep our perpetual motion car in the garage. According to one portion of the First Law, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed to different forms. The batteries which power an electric car only contain a fixed amount of energy. Most of this energy goes into propelling the electric motor, but some is inevitably lost through friction and the recreation of momentum after a stop. Our perpetual motion cars recharger would have to create even more energy in order to keep the batteries at full capacity. No such power generator exists, nor can one be built if the Laws of Thermodynamics are true. The Second Law of Thermodynamics also prevents perpetual motion machines from becoming reality. Part of the Second Law states that heat energy inevitably seeks out cold areas, eventually creating a neutral temperature state called entropy. This means our proposed perpetual motion car will eventually conk out from a lack of usable heat energy. The motor casing gets hot during work, and some of that heat energy would be dissipated into the air, not back into the battery system. Since external factors such as gravity and friction would be constantly pulling on the machine, eventually all of the usable energy would be lost. Perpetual motion machines would only be possible if a substance could be found that generated more energy than it used. Some inventors hoped that radioactive materials would prove to be useful as perpetual motion engines, but their energy is still considered finite. Magnets have also been used to power would-be perpetual motion machines, but their continued operation often requires some external energy source. Gravity is usually considered a force hostile to the cause of perpetual motion, but some inventors use gravity to their advantage when creating theoretical perpetual motion machines. Because scientific laws and theories generally deem perpetual motion impossible, patent offices are extremely reluctant to grant patents for such machines. Proposed perpetual motion machines are the only devices which require a working model at the time of patent application. To date, no inventor has successfully submitted a working model of a true perpetual motion machine MACHINES THAT WORKS ON PERPETUAL MOTION Motionless Electromagnetic Generator, a device that supposedly taps vacuum energy. Perepiteia, a device that claims to utilize back EMF. Stanley Meyers water fuel cell Motionless Electromagnetic Generator An electromagnetic generator without moving parts includes a permanent magnet and a magnetic Core including first and second magnetic paths. A first input coil and a first output coil extend around Portions of the first magnetic path, while a second input coil and a second output coil extend around Portions of the second magnetic path. The input coils are alternatively pulsed to provide induced Current pulses in the output coils. Driving electrical current through each of the input coils reduces a Level of flux from the permanent magnet within the magnet path around which the input coil extends. In an alternative embodiment of an electromagnetic generator, the magnetic core includes annular Spaced-apart plates, with posts and permanent magnets extending in an alternating fashion between the plates. An output coil extends around each of these posts. Input coils extending around portions of the plates are pulsed to cause the induction of current within the output coils. WATER FUEL CELL The water fuel cell is a purported perpetual motion machine invented by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940   March 21, 1998). He claimed that an automobile retrofitted with the device could use water as fuel as a substitute of gasoline. The fuel cell supposedly split water into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen was then burned to generate energy, a process that reconstituted the water molecules. According to Meyer, the device required less energy to perform electrolysis than the minimum energy requirement predicted or measured by conventional science. If the device worked as specified, it would violate both the first and second laws of thermodynamics, allowing operation as a perpetual motion machine. Meyers claims about his Water Fuel Cell and the car that it powered were found to be fraudulent by an Ohio court in 1996. Throughout his patents and marketing material, Meyer uses the terms fuel cell or water fuel cell to refer to the portion of his device in which electricity is passed through water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Meyers use of the term in this sense is different towards its usual meaning in science and engineering, in which such cells are typically called electrolytic cells. Furthermore, the term fuel cell is generally reserved for cells which produce electricity from a chemical redox reaction, whereas Meyers fuel cell consumed electricity, as shown in his patents and in the circuit pictured on the left. Meyer describes in a 1990 patent the use of a water fuel cell assembly' and portrays some images of his fuel cell water capacitor. According to the patent, in this case   the term fuel cell refers to a single unit of the invention comprising a water capacitor cell   that produces the fuel gas in accordance with the method of the invention. REFRENCES US Patent # 6, 362, 718, Motionless Electromagnetic Generator Patrick, et al. (March 26, 2002)

Amendments to the Constitution Essay -- First Amendment, Second Amend

The framers of our Constitution knew that time has a way of changing countries and their citizens. Our country was in a whirlwind of change in 1789 as people were experiencing freedom from the tyranny of England for the first time in their lives. Our country was being molded and formed into a great nation by the founding fathers. Expectations and rules had to be set to protect the rights of the minorities and majorities. Amendments to the Constitution were written to ensure equality for all in changing times. The First Amendment is one of the most recognized rights in the Bill of Rights. It is a basic right that seems to help define each person as an individual yet as part of an association. The amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (Constitution, Amendment 1) This amendment gave the right to secure and practice any religion. Religion was the reason that the Puritans left England. They wanted to be free to start their own churches and be free from religious persecution. The first amendment allows individuals the right to be part if any religion, if any, of their choosing. The vast majority of religious associations attest to this amendment: Catholics, Protestants, Scientologists, Jews, Hindus, and many, many more. United States citizens also enjoy the right to express themselves and their opinions in printed form or verbally. This is known as the freedom of the press. There are restrictions within reason, such as restrictions on libel and slander, and obscene act... ...ad a ban on handguns for 32 years. The ruling states that the Second Amendment guarantees the individual right to posses a firearm, even if they have no connection to a military organization, as long as the firearm is for law abiding reasons, such as self-defense in the home. (Fields, 2010). The First and Second Amendments will forever be ‘contemporary issues’. The rights that are guaranteed to us are the same ones that allow us to question our government and allow for change. It will be a challenge for our courts to keep up with the changing times yet keep our rights intact. These rights are part of the foundation of our society. The framers had insightful intent to include the basic rights of all people for generations. Our great nation has flourished because of these rights- they allow each all of us to be unique individuals while being completely whole.

Crash Human Nature Essay

Human nature is The general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioural traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans. * Crash directed by Paul Haggis presents to us an intertwining story set within the streets of LA, confirming and challenging racial stereotypes and at the same time reflecting the ever existing good and dark side of human nature. Human nature drives us all to view â€Å"the other† as bad, evil and untrustworthy, it is complex and every man, despite differences holds the underlying values buried deep into our subconsciousness * In the film crash, Haggis has successfully portrayed the truth about human nature through the conventions of dialogue, camera shot and symbolism, confusing us as viewers, but also giving us an intruging insight into the reality of each and every one of us despite differences in race and background. * Haggis has successfully evoked feelings of uneasiness, confusion, anger and empathy at through the making of the film crash Human nature drives us to fear the unknown, the â€Å"other† in our eyes is seen as evil and that we should steer away from any communication. It may be in relation to race, ethnicity, age, gender or beliefs but in reality each one of us does not have the ability to fight this automatic discrimination against those who are different. * Haggis has successfully reflected this dark aspect of human nature through the convention of dialogue. * In one scene a Persian man is attempting to purchase a gun from a white American. The salesman calls the man â€Å"osama† and then continues to talk about 9/11, he then is aggressively told to leave the shop. * The white American man displays his fear of â€Å"the other† by racially discriminating him through his dialogue, he has his own racist, stereotypical image of this man in his mind automatically relating him to 9/11 and due to his human nature sees him as â€Å"the other† and as untrustworthy to be in his shop telling him he â€Å"has no right to buy a gun here† * In another scene a Hispanic locksmith is changing a white American couples locks on their door after their car had been hijacked. The American woman makes assumptions that this locksmith is going to sell their key to his â€Å"homies† purely because of the way he looks and his race and demands to get her locks changed again in the morning. * The American woman views the locksmith as â€Å"the other† and due to her human nature she fears him, and does not trust him to be in her house. Her judgement is not on personality or individual traits it is based upon the automatic assumptions she makes about him due to his tattoos, dress sense and skin colour. Little does she know that the Hispanic locksmith was in many eyes the only character in crash seen as completely innocent, but due to her ignorance she believed the opposite. * Through dialogue Haggis has successfully positioned the viewer to feel anger at both of these scenarios and causes us to question our own human nature and our own classification of â€Å"the other†. We are positioned to feel guilt as we feel partly responsible for these racial stereotypes as we too, through our human nature, instinctively stick to our own. Human nature is complex, values at polar opposites could exsist in the same man, particular beliefs could be compromised and in reality no one can ever truly understand the extent of complexities embedded within each person. * Racsim and nobility can exsist in the same man. Haggis has successfully portrayed this idea of human nature through the narrative conventions of camera shot and dialogue. * In one scene a cop pulls over a black couple, he abuses his power and shows extreme racism seen through the convention of low camera angle while he molests her. In another scene the same cop shows nobility while is seen rescuing the same black woman he molested, he ironically says things to her such as â€Å"im not going to hurt you† * The camera angle in the first scene is a panning low angle displaying the police officers hand stroking up the womans leg, emphasizing his sickening racist actions. In the second scene the camera angle is a close camera angle focusing on his remorseful worrying facial expression. The shot of the hand in the first scene could represent â€Å"a mans hand† where the shot of his face in the second scene presents him, and therefore suggests that although his racism and dark side of his human nature exsists the good side of his human nature is a representation of his true identity and we begin to question the reasons behind his actions. * These two scenes In the movie crash display to us that humans are extremely complex. A man can live a life full of sin but then commit a noble act just as a man can be a criminal but then save a life. * The concept of human complexities is hard to grasp, an individuals identity can determine why they act a certain way or do certain things. The cop in the film displayed racism due to the fact that a black woman would not help his sick father, but does this excuse particular values and behaviours? * Through the convention of camera angle Haggis has effectively positioned the viewer to feel both disgust and awe at the same man. We begin to question what drives humans to be so complex and we wonder whether it is ever possible for a man to be seen as completely innocent. * Instinctively human natures drives us to protect and stick to our own, just as we repel those who are seen as different. * This universal value embedded inside each and every human is represented by Paul Haggis in the film crash through utlising the narrative convention of symbolism. * Crash follows the story of a Hispanic locksmith and unconditional love of his